Exclusive Neuroject Article: Construction digital handovers revolutionize the transfer of information, streamlining processes across industries. Essentially, they involve the electronic transfer of data, documents, or tasks from one individual or team to another. This method replaces traditional paper-based or manual handovers, offering efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility.
One compelling statistic illustrating the impact of construction digital handovers is their contribution to productivity. Studies show that businesses leveraging digital handover systems experience a significant increase in operational efficiency by up to 30%. This boost arises from reduced time spent on manual documentation, minimized errors, and improved collaboration among team members.
In essence, the digital handover process begins with capturing relevant information, tasks, or documents in a digital format. This could involve various mediums such as software applications, cloud-based platforms, or specialized systems designed for specific industries. These digital tools allow for real-time updates, ensuring the most current information is available to all involved parties.
Moreover, construction digital handovers facilitate seamless communication, enabling stakeholders to track progress, assign responsibilities, and provide feedback instantly. This accessibility enhances transparency and accountability within teams and organizations.
Security and data integrity are paramount in digital handovers. Encryption, access controls, and authentication measures are implemented to safeguard sensitive information during transmission and storage.
Construction digital handovers represent a fundamental shift in how information is transferred, offering a more efficient, secure, and transparent process. Their adoption continues to reshape industries, driving productivity and enabling smoother collaborations among teams and organizations.
Table of Contents
Who Requires a Digital Transfer During Construction?
At the end phase of handover, the digital transfer mainly occurs between the primary contractor and the asset owner or developer.
Yet, every involved party in the project holds a vested interest in the transfer’s success. This spans from designers, architects, and construction subcontractors to owners, facilities management teams, and clients’ tenants.
A cloud-based solution facilitates this by offering easy accessibility to pertinent categories of construction-related information.
These categories might encompass:
- Records and logs of on-site activities
- Initial design concepts and drawings
- Documentation for compliance, health & safety
- Inspection certificates and fire standards
Upon completion of the construction digital handover, the client gains swift access to information verifying that the building adheres to specifications, complies with regulations, and holds the appropriate warranties for maintenance planning.
Moreover, those responsible for post-project maintenance require an updated, transparent view of site documentation. While a paper trail offers a retrospective snapshot of handover, digital handover management allows for a collaborative, real-time perspective.
When does a Construction Digital Handover Occur?
As the term suggests, the construction digital handover signifies the conclusive phase of construction. It’s the juncture where the main contractor hands over the site to the end user, providing evidence that all aspects have been reviewed and sanctioned.
Nevertheless, all stakeholders and subcontractors should prioritize the construction digital handover from the project’s initiation, establishing a process to compile the necessary documentation.
With task assignments and deadlines feasible, digital handover management streamlines the accumulation and submission of required information. It aids the client in identifying and resolving information gaps, duplications, or conflicts more efficiently.
Why are Construction Digital Handovers Essential?
Clients and owners necessitate complete visibility into the building’s status, condition, and standards. Previously, paper-based handovers relied on trust, but digital handovers enable both sides to exchange information seamlessly and transparently.
Additionally, construction digital handovers alleviate bottlenecks at the project’s end, preventing contractors from scrambling for documents to meet deadlines. Gathering documentation throughout construction and storing it in a shareable repository helps avoid potentially costly delays.
For the client, construction digital handover management safeguards the investment’s value. A unified source of truth allows for timely maintenance, meeting compliance obligations, managing expenses, and ensuring smooth cash flow.
Most importantly, a poor handover experience can significantly impact overall client satisfaction. Smooth construction digital handover prevent misunderstandings or unresolved issues that might otherwise mar an otherwise successful construction project.
Key Components of Digital Handovers
Here’s the list of key components affecting construction digital handover:
- Documentation Compilation: Gathering and organizing a comprehensive range of digital records and documentation encompassing various facets of the construction process. This involves collating data such as design plans, architectural drawings, project schedules, material specifications, safety reports, inspection logs, permits, warranties, and any other relevant information pertinent to the construction project.
- Data Management: Storing and managing these diverse documents within a centralized digital repository or platform. This platform serves as a structured and easily accessible database, ensuring efficient organization, categorization, and secure storage of the accumulated data. Utilizing cloud-based systems or specialized software allows for seamless accessibility and retrieval of information by authorized stakeholders.
- Continuous Updates: Ensuring that the collected data and documentation remain current and accurate throughout the project lifecycle. This involves implementing processes for real-time data capture, regular updates, and periodic reviews. By consistently reviewing and validating the documentation, any discrepancies, errors, or outdated information can be promptly identified and rectified, ensuring the integrity and completeness of the handover package.
- Verification and Compliance Checks: Conducting thorough assessments and checks to ensure that the construction project adheres to relevant regulations, building codes, and contractual obligations. Verification involves meticulous scrutiny to confirm that the completed work aligns with the specified standards, safety regulations, environmental requirements, and contractual agreements. This step aims to validate the project’s compliance and readiness for handover.
- Collaboration and Communication: Facilitating seamless and effective communication among various stakeholders involved in the construction project. Clear communication channels enable collaborative problem-solving, addressing discrepancies, and resolving issues that may arise during the documentation compilation or verification stages. Open lines of communication foster a collaborative environment conducive to resolving conflicts and ensuring consensus among parties involved in the handover process.
- Finalization and Approval: Presenting the compiled documentation for review and approval by relevant stakeholders to signify mutual agreement and acceptance. This phase involves formalizing the handover package and obtaining approvals from all parties involved, including contractors, architects, regulatory bodies, and the client or owner. Approval signifies acknowledgment and consensus on the completeness and accuracy of the documentation.
- Handover Execution: Officially transferring ownership and providing the construction digital handover package to the client or owner. This step marks the culmination of the construction project, where the responsibility and control of the completed site are formally transferred from the construction team or main contractor to the client. The delivery of the digital handover package signifies the transfer of all relevant information and documentation.
- Post-Handover Support: Providing assistance and guidance to the client or owner in navigating and utilizing the digital documentation for ongoing maintenance, operations, and management of the constructed asset. This support may include training sessions, manuals, or technical assistance to ensure efficient utilization of the construction digital handover package for future maintenance and decision-making.
- Continuous Improvement: Engaging in a feedback loop to gather insights and evaluate the effectiveness of the handover process. Feedback from stakeholders, assessments, and reviews of the handover experience help identify areas for improvement. Continuous evaluation allows for enhancements in processes, systems, or documentation practices to optimize future handover procedures, ensuring continual refinement and improvement.
Significance of Digital Handovers
Here’s the list of significance and characteristics of construction digital handover:
- Efficiency: Digital handovers revolutionize the transfer process by leveraging technology, significantly reducing the manual effort, paperwork, and time traditionally spent on compiling and managing documentation. Automation and streamlined processes expedite the handover, ensuring a more efficient transition from construction completion to operational management.
- Accuracy and Compliance: The emphasis on comprehensive and up-to-date documentation within construction digital handover ensures strict adherence to regulations, building codes, and contractual obligations. By maintaining accurate records and certifications, the risk of errors or oversights is minimized, bolstering compliance with industry standards and regulatory requirements.
- Transparency and Accessibility: Digital handovers facilitate real-time access to project data for stakeholders, fostering transparency throughout the construction process and beyond. This accessibility empowers stakeholders with immediate and continuous access to information, enabling informed decision-making, troubleshooting, and collaborative problem-solving.
- Cost Savings and Risk Mitigation: The efficiency and accuracy of construction digital handover contribute to substantial cost savings. Reduced rework and disputes stemming from well-documented processes and compliant records minimize additional costs. Moreover, by mitigating legal and financial risks associated with incomplete or inaccurate documentation, digital handovers offer a proactive approach to risk management.
- Asset Management: Digital handovers play a pivotal role in optimizing long-term asset management. Access to comprehensive records and maintenance schedules allows for efficient planning and execution of ongoing maintenance. This aids in extending the lifespan of the constructed asset and facilitates future modifications or renovations based on historical data and as-built documentation.
- Client Satisfaction: A well-organized construction digital handover package holds paramount importance in enhancing client satisfaction. Providing a comprehensive, easily navigable package demonstrates professionalism and reliability. This fosters positive relationships with clients, potentially leading to repeat collaborations or recommendations, thus solidifying trust and rapport within the construction industry.
The collective impact of these elements within construction digital handover reshapes the construction industry’s operational landscape. Efficiency, accuracy, accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced client satisfaction converge to redefine project deliveries, setting a new standard for seamless transitions from construction completion to the effective management of built assets.
The Process of Construction Digital Handover
The process of a construction digital handover in construction involves several key steps:
- Preparation and Planning:
- Identification of stakeholders: Define the parties involved in the handover process, including contractors, designers, owners, and regulatory bodies.
- Establish criteria: Determine the necessary documentation, standards, and compliance requirements for the handover.
- Document Collection and Management:
- Digital documentation: Create, compile, and organize digital records throughout the construction phase, including design plans, compliance certificates, safety reports, and inspection records.
- Centralized repository: Store these documents in a centralized, easily accessible digital platform or system for streamlined management.
- Continuous Monitoring and Updates:
- Real-time data capture: Continuously update documentation as construction progresses, ensuring accuracy and completeness.
- Regular reviews: Conduct periodic reviews and audits to verify that all required information is up-to-date and meets standards.
- Verification and Validation:
- Compliance checks: Verify that the construction aligns with regulatory standards, building codes, and contractual obligations.
- Quality assurance: Ensure that the completed work meets the agreed-upon specifications outlined in the initial plans.
- Collaboration and Communication:
- Coordination among stakeholders: Facilitate seamless communication and collaboration between various parties involved in the handover process.
- Resolving discrepancies: Address any discrepancies or issues identified during the verification process through effective communication and problem-solving.
- Finalization and Approval:
- Review and approval: Present the compiled documentation for final review and approval by all relevant stakeholders, ensuring consensus on the handover package.
- Sign-off: Obtain formal sign-off from all parties involved to signify agreement and acceptance of the handover documentation.
- Handover Execution:
- Transfer of ownership: Officially hand over the completed construction project from the contractor to the owner or client.
- Provision of documentation: Provide the construction digital handover package containing all necessary records, certificates, and information to the client.
- Post-Handover Support:
- Training and guidance: Offer support to the client or owner in understanding and utilizing the digital documentation system effectively.
- Maintenance planning: Assist in planning for ongoing maintenance and management of the constructed asset using the provided information.
- Continuous Improvement:
- Feedback and evaluation: Gather feedback from the handover process to identify areas for improvement and implement enhancements for future projects.
- Adaptation to new technologies: Stay updated with evolving technologies and industry best practices to continually refine the construction digital handover process.
By following these steps, construction teams can execute a comprehensive and efficient construction digital handover, ensuring a smooth transition from construction completion to operational management.
Benefits of Digital Handovers
Digital handovers in construction offer numerous benefits, revolutionizing traditional handover practices. Some of the key advantages include:
- Efficiency and Time-Saving:
- Streamlined processes: Digital handovers automate documentation collection and management, reducing manual effort and time spent on paperwork.
- Accelerated handover: Quick access to organized digital records expedites the handover process, leading to faster project completion.
- Enhanced Accuracy and Compliance:
- Comprehensive documentation: Digital platforms ensure all required records, certifications, and compliance documents are accurately compiled and up-to-date.
- Regulatory adherence: Facilitates adherence to building codes, safety regulations, and compliance standards, reducing the risk of oversights or non-compliance issues.
- Improved Transparency and Accessibility:
- Easy information access: Stakeholders can access project data, reports, and documentation in real-time from a centralized digital repository, fostering transparency.
- Enhanced collaboration: Allows for seamless communication and collaboration among various project stakeholders, fostering better decision-making and problem-solving.
- Cost Savings and Risk Mitigation:
- Reduced rework and disputes: Accurate, documented information minimizes errors, mitigating the need for costly rework or disputes during and after project completion.
- Risk management: Improved documentation and compliance decrease potential legal or financial risks associated with incomplete or inadequate handovers.
- Better Asset Management and Maintenance:
- Efficient maintenance planning: Detailed digital records enable proactive maintenance planning and asset management, optimizing the lifespan of the constructed asset.
- Facilitated future modifications: Easy access to as-built drawings and documentation aids in future renovations, expansions, or modifications.
- Client Satisfaction and Relationship Building:
- Increased client confidence: Providing a comprehensive, well-organized construction digital handover package enhances client satisfaction by demonstrating professionalism and reliability.
- Long-term relationships: Establishing efficient handover practices can foster positive relationships and potential future collaborations with clients or stakeholders.
- Adaptability and Scalability:
- Scalable solutions: Digital handover systems can adapt to projects of varying sizes and complexities, accommodating diverse construction requirements.
- Technological advancements: Embracing construction digital handover allows the integration of evolving technologies, ensuring adaptability to future industry changes.
Overall, construction digital handover offers a transformative approach to construction project delivery, optimizing efficiency, transparency, and accountability while significantly improving post-construction management and client satisfaction.
Challenges and Solutions
Implementing construction digital handover, while beneficial, comes with its own set of challenges. Here are some common hurdles and potential solutions:
Challenges:
- Data Collection and Organization:
- Challenge: Managing vast amounts of data from multiple sources and formats can be overwhelming and prone to errors.
- Interoperability and Integration:
- Challenge: Compatibility issues between various software used in the construction lifecycle can hinder smooth data exchange and integration.
- Security and Data Privacy:
- Challenge: Ensuring the security and confidentiality of sensitive project data stored in digital systems is a critical concern.
- Adoption and Training:
- Challenge: Resistance to change among stakeholders, coupled with the need for training on new digital platforms, can slow down adoption rates.
Solutions:
- Advanced-Data Management Systems:
- Solution: Implement robust data management systems that automate data collection, categorization, and organization. Utilize AI or machine learning for data processing.
- Standardized Platforms and Protocols:
- Solution: Prioritize using standardized formats and protocols for data exchange and establish interoperability standards across different software. Invest in middleware solutions for seamless integration.
- Enhanced Security Measures:
- Solution: Implement stringent security measures such as encryption, access controls, and regular security audits. Utilize secure cloud-based platforms and comply with industry-specific data privacy regulations.
- Change Management and Training Programs:
- Solution: Conduct thorough change management programs to encourage stakeholder buy-in and address concerns. Offer comprehensive training sessions to familiarize users with new digital tools and platforms.
- Collaboration and Communication:
- Solution: Foster open communication among stakeholders to address concerns and collectively identify and solve challenges. Encourage feedback to continuously improve the construction digital handover process.
- Pilot Projects and Iterative Implementation:
- Solution: Begin with pilot projects to test the construction digital handover systems on a smaller scale before wider implementation. Use feedback and lessons learned to refine and improve processes iteratively.
- External Support and Expertise:
- Solution: Engage with external consultants or experts in digital construction technologies to guide the implementation process and address specific challenges.
Addressing these challenges with proactive measures and strategic solutions can significantly enhance the success of implementing digital handovers in construction projects, ensuring smoother transitions and efficient project deliveries.
Implementing Digital Handovers
Implementing digital handovers in construction represents a transformative shift in project management, offering a streamlined and efficient approach to the transfer of critical information from the construction phase to the operational phase. While the benefits are substantial, successful implementation requires addressing several challenges and adopting strategic solutions.
- Data Collection and Organization: One of the primary challenges in implementing digital handovers is the effective collection and organization of vast amounts of project data. To overcome this, construction teams should invest in advanced data management systems. These systems can automate data collection, categorization, and organization, leveraging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning to process and manage data more efficiently. This not only reduces the burden on project teams but also enhances the accuracy and accessibility of information.
- Interoperability and Integration: Ensuring seamless interoperability and integration between different software used throughout the construction lifecycle is crucial for a successful construction digital handover. Standardized platforms and protocols play a key role in addressing this challenge. By adopting industry-standard formats and protocols for data exchange and implementing middleware solutions, construction teams can facilitate smooth integration, allowing various software tools to communicate effectively and share critical project information.
- Security and Data Privacy: The security and privacy of sensitive project data are paramount considerations in digital handovers. Robust security measures, including encryption, access controls, and regular security audits, are essential components of a successful implementation strategy. Choosing secure cloud-based platforms that comply with industry-specific data privacy regulations can provide the necessary infrastructure to protect project information from unauthorized access or breaches.
- Adoption and Training: Resistance to change and the need for training on new digital platforms are common challenges in implementing digital handovers. Change management programs are crucial to gaining stakeholder buy-in and addressing concerns effectively. Providing comprehensive training sessions to all users ensures that they are proficient in using the new digital tools, fostering a smoother transition and reducing resistance to the adoption of construction digital handover processes.
- Collaboration and Communication: Effective collaboration and communication are essential for addressing challenges and ensuring the success of construction digital handover implementation. Open communication among stakeholders helps identify concerns and collectively find solutions. Regular feedback mechanisms allow for continuous improvement of the digital handover process, fostering a collaborative environment that supports the successful implementation of digital handovers.
In conclusion, implementing digital handovers in construction requires a strategic approach that addresses challenges related to data management, interoperability, security, adoption, and communication. By investing in advanced technologies, adhering to industry standards, and fostering a culture of collaboration, construction teams can successfully transition to construction digital handover processes, reaping the benefits of increased efficiency, transparency, and long-term asset management.
Case Studies
Certainly, here are a couple of hypothetical case studies illustrating the successful implementation and benefits of digital handovers in construction:
Case Study 1: Streamlining Project Handover in Large-Scale Infrastructure
Background: A multinational construction firm was tasked with the development of a large-scale infrastructure project, involving multiple contractors, diverse subcontractors, and stringent regulatory compliance requirements. The traditional handover process had previously led to delays and confusion due to scattered documentation and communication gaps.
Implementation Strategy: The firm adopted a comprehensive construction digital handover system that integrated project management software, cloud-based storage, and standardized documentation protocols. They initiated this approach from the project’s inception, ensuring all stakeholders were onboarded onto the platform, trained, and informed about its functionalities.
Outcomes and Benefits:
- Efficiency Gains: The streamlined digital system significantly reduced the time spent on document collection, organization, and verification, expediting the handover process.
- Enhanced Collaboration: Real-time accessibility and seamless communication among stakeholders ensured prompt issue resolution, fostering a more collaborative environment.
- Compliance and Accuracy: Adherence to regulatory standards improved, ensuring all required certifications and compliance documentation were readily available and up-to-date.
- Cost Savings: Reduced rework and disputes minimized additional costs, enhancing overall project profitability.
Case Study 2: Improved Maintenance and Operations in Commercial Real Estate
Background: A property management company overseeing a portfolio of commercial real estate properties faced challenges in maintaining accurate and accessible records for building maintenance, compliance, and tenant safety across multiple locations.
Implementation Strategy: The company implemented a construction digital handover management system integrated with Building Information Modeling (BIM) software. This allowed for the creation of a digital twin—a virtual replica of the physical building—housing all relevant documentation, from design blueprints to maintenance schedules.
Outcomes and Benefits:
- Efficient Operations: Quick access to comprehensive digital records facilitated proactive maintenance planning, reducing downtime and optimizing operational efficiency.
- Risk Mitigation: Improved compliance and safety documentation minimized potential risks associated with regulatory non-compliance.
- Tenant Satisfaction: Enhanced responsiveness to tenant needs, as maintenance issues could be addressed swiftly using the digital repository’s information.
- Long-term Asset Management: The digital twin provided valuable insights for long-term asset management, aiding in future renovations or modifications.
These hypothetical case studies showcase the tangible benefits and successful outcomes achieved through the implementation of digital handovers in construction projects, emphasizing improved efficiency, compliance, collaboration, and long-term asset management.
Future Trends and Predictions
Looking ahead, several trends and predictions are shaping the future of digital handovers in construction:
- AI and Machine Learning Integration: The integration of AI and machine learning in construction digital handover signifies a transformative leap in data processing and decision-making. Advanced algorithms will not only automate data analysis but also evolve to predict maintenance needs, optimize asset performance, and provide actionable insights post-handover. This predictive capability will enable proactive maintenance strategies, reducing downtime and maximizing the lifespan of constructed assets.
- Enhanced Interoperability and Data Standards: The industry’s push for universal data standards and interoperability protocols is poised to revolutionize collaboration among various construction stakeholders. Standardized formats and seamless data exchange between disparate software systems will streamline workflows, enabling a more holistic view of project information. This interoperability will foster efficient communication, minimize errors, and enhance project coordination from design to handover and beyond.
- IoT and Sensor Technology Advancements: The increasing integration of IoT devices and sensor technology will transform construction sites into interconnected hubs of real-time data. These advancements will not only provide insights during construction but also post-handover, offering continuous monitoring of building performance, occupancy patterns, and predictive maintenance needs. Such data-driven insights will enable smarter decision-making, improve energy efficiency, and optimize operational strategies for long-term sustainability.
- Blockchain for Data Security and Transparency: Blockchain technology’s adoption in construction digital handover will revolutionize data security and transparency. By creating an immutable ledger of project information, certifications, and warranties, blockchain will ensure data integrity, establish trust among stakeholders, and mitigate the risk of tampering or unauthorized alterations. This transparent and secure record-keeping will be instrumental in ensuring compliance and bolstering confidence in the accuracy of handover documentation.
- Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications: The integration of VR and AR applications will reshape how stakeholders interact with construction digital handover data. These immersive technologies will enable users to visualize, simulate, and interact with building systems and documentation in three-dimensional spaces. From facility management simulations to hands-on training experiences, VR and AR will enhance understanding, streamline operations, and facilitate efficient decision-making throughout a building’s lifecycle.
- Digital Twins for Lifecycle Management: Digital twins will evolve into indispensable assets in construction projects, serving as dynamic replicas that mirror real-time changes and data across a building’s lifecycle. These twins will transcend the handover phase, aiding in predictive maintenance, continuous performance monitoring, renovations, and sustainability assessments. Leveraging real-time data, digital twins will optimize operational efficiencies and inform strategic decisions, driving long-term asset value.
- Sustainability and Green Building Focus: The increasing emphasis on sustainability within construction digital handover will document and prioritize environmental impacts, energy efficiency metrics, and sustainable material usage. Digital handovers will serve as repositories for green building certifications, enabling comprehensive tracking of a building’s environmental footprint. This focus on sustainability will align construction projects with global environmental goals and regulatory requirements, driving a more eco-conscious approach.
- Cloud-Based Collaboration and Remote Work: Cloud-based platforms will continue to revolutionize collaboration by facilitating remote access and contributing to handover processes from anywhere. This enhanced accessibility will empower stakeholders to seamlessly interact with and contribute to project data, fostering improved efficiency, adaptability, and flexibility in the increasingly remote-centric work environment.
- Regulatory and Compliance Integration: The integration of compliance and regulatory requirements into construction digital handover systems will ensure ongoing adherence to evolving standards. Automated compliance checks and real-time updates of regulatory requirements within the handover documentation will reduce risks associated with non-compliance. This integration will streamline processes, minimize errors, and enhance accuracy in meeting stringent regulatory obligations.
- Evolving Role of Data Managers and Analysts: The future demands a robust workforce of skilled data managers and analysts to oversee the wealth of data generated in construction digital handover. These professionals will play a pivotal role in ensuring data quality, extracting valuable insights, and leveraging analytics to optimize building performance. Their expertise will drive informed decision-making and innovation, positioning data as a strategic asset in construction projects.
In essence, these trends collectively signify a transformative era for construction digital handover, ushering in an era of interconnectedness, data-driven decision-making, and technological innovation. The adoption of these advancements will shape a future where efficiency, sustainability, transparency, and innovation will be at the forefront of construction project deliveries, elevating the industry’s standards and practices.
Conclusion
Pulling everything together, the evolution and implementation of construction digital handover represent a fundamental transformation in the way projects are managed, documented, and transferred from the construction phase to operation. These advancements address various challenges, enhance collaboration, and offer a multitude of benefits to all stakeholders involved.
The shift toward construction digital handover signifies a strategic move from relying solely on paper-based systems to leveraging cutting-edge technologies. This transition facilitates streamlined processes, efficient data management, and improved access to critical information throughout a project’s lifecycle.
By recognizing the need for a comprehensive approach to construction digital handover, the construction industry is paving the way for significant advancements in data collection, interoperability, security, and client satisfaction. The incorporation of AI, IoT, blockchain, and immersive technologies signals a promising future where efficiency, transparency, and sustainability take center stage.
Looking ahead, the predicted trends highlight a trajectory toward greater integration, innovation, and adaptability in the realm of construction digital handover. These future developments align with a commitment to efficiency, compliance, and improved collaboration, laying the foundation for a more robust and resilient construction industry.
In essence, the journey toward construction digital handover is an ongoing evolution, fueled by technological advancements and a collective commitment to revolutionize traditional practices. As construction embraces these transformations, it moves closer to a future where seamless, data-driven handovers drive success, efficiency, and sustainable growth within the industry.
Suggested articles to read:
Artificial Intelligence or AI in Construction Industry
Resources:
Zutech | EU.com | create master | Digital Builder | Plan Radar | aptien.com | LetsBuild | designing buildings
For all the pictures: Freepik
